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Himachal Pradesh general

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Himachal Pradesh is predominantly a mountainous State located in North – West India. It shares an international border with China. The State has highly dissected mountain ranges interspersed with deep gorges and valleys. It is also characterized with diverse climate that varies from semi tropical in lower hills, to semi arctic in the cold deserts areas of Spiti and Kinnaur. Altitude ranges from 350 meters to 6975 meters above mean sea level. It is located between Latitude 30O 22.40 N to 33O 12.20 N and Longitude 75O 45.55 E to 79O 04.20 E.

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Geology and geomorphology of himachal Pradesh

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Himachal Pradesh with its complex geological structures presents a complicated topography with intricate mosaic of mountains ranges, hills and valleys. Composed of recent Alluvium, Shiwalik hills are made up of rocks such as sandstone, shale and clay that came into existence during the Eocene, Miocene and Pliocene period. The central part that extends from Chamba district in the north to Shimla district in the south is mainly represented by Jatog group of rocks which originated in middle Proterozoic period. In the north eastern portion unclassified Granites borders the central part in between Kullu, eastern Shimla, LahaulSpiti and parts of Kinnaur district. The eastern greater Himalaya presents the Triassic formation which is found in Kaza tehsil of LahaulSpiti district. The oldest rocks are Granites found at Jeori-Wangtu and Bandel near Largi in Kullu district. These granites date back to a stage of the crust at a time when India was located 8000 Km southwest of its present position....
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Landslides in himachal pradesh

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" Landslide is the most common hazard in Himachal Pradesh, which causes immense risk to life and property. Almost every year the state is affected by one or more major landslides affecting the society in many ways. Loss of life, damage of houses, roads, means of communication, agricultural land, are some of the major consequences of landslides. The fragile nature of rocks forming the mountains, along with the climatic conditions and various anthropogenic activities has made the state vulnerable to the Landslides. District wise landslide vulnerability in the State is as follows.Triggering of landslides is both a natural and anthropogenic phenomena. As in other parts of Himalayas the landslide activity in Himachal Pradesh also varies with altitude, geology and topography. Various geophysical factors such as steepness of slopes, saturation by heavy rains, melting snow and ice, rock vibrations, excess load from embankments, fills, waste & debris dumps change in water content, f...
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Floods in himachal pradesh

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c) Floods:Floods are another form of natural disaster the State experiences every year. South west Monsoonal rainfall during the months of June to August is the dominant cause for triggering floods when rainfall happens to be in excess i.e. 125% or more than the normal. Fig 2.5 shows the percentage frequency of excessive rainfall and successive years of excessive rainfall during the period from 1951 to 1999. During this period the Chamba district in the north western part of the state had received highest amount of rainfall expressed as percentage of the normal with more numbers of successive years of excessive rainfall. Table 2.11 gives the district wise excessive rainfall years and highest annual rainfall expressed as percentage of normal and Table 2.12 gives successive years of excessive rainfall. Fig 2.6 is the map of flood prone areas as prepared by Dr D.D Sharma of H.P University Shimla. Flash Flood:Flash flood is the most frequent and damaging floods that occur with little or ...
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